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Why
do people get asthma?
The
causes of asthma are not fully understood, but there is often a
family history of asthma, eczema or hayfever. There is also
evidence that exposure to certain things, for example cigarette
smoke during pregnancy and early childhood, increases the risk of
developing asthma.
Asthma
is more prevalent in developed countries. Some researchers
believe our 'clean' lifestyle contributes to the development of
asthma. Asthma
can occur for the first time at any age and can change over time.
What
is asthma?
People
with asthma have sensitive airways in their lungs. When
exposed to certain 'triggers' their airways narrow, making it hard
for them to breathe.
Three
main factors cause the airways to become narrow:
-
The
inside lining of the airways becomes red and swollen
(inflammation)
-
Extra
mucus (sticky fluid) may be produced
-
The
muscle around the airways tighten (bronchoconstriction)
How
do you recognise asthma?
-
A
dry, irritating, persistent cough, particularly at night,
early morning, with exercise or activity
-
Chest tightness
-
Shortness
of breath
-
Wheeze
What
triggers asthma symptoms?
Once
someone has asthma, symptoms are set off or made worse by
'triggers'. These can include: 
-
Colds
and flu
-
Cigarette
smoke
-
Exposure
to cigarette smoke (passive smoking)
-
Exercise
-
Inhaled
allergens (eg pollens, moulds, animal dander and dust mites)
-
Environmental
factors (eg dust, pollution, woodsmoke, bush fires)
-
Changes
in temperature and weather
-
Certain
medications (eg aspirin)
-
Chemicals
and strong smells (eg perfumes, cleaners)
-
Emotional
factors (eg laughter, stress)
-
Some
foods and food preservatives, flavourings and colourings
(uncommon)
Every person's asthma is different. Not
all people will have the same triggers, nor will they react to
all those in the above list. You may not always know what
triggers your asthma but it is helpful to identify the cause
in order to avoid it. However, this is not always possible (eg
colds and flu). Your doctor or local Asthma Foundation
can assist you.
Can
asthma be cured?
Asthma cannot be
cured, but it can be managed. Most people with asthma can carry
out their daily activities without asthma symptoms. Good asthma
management allows you to lead an active, healthy lifestyle.
What
is an Asthma Action Plan?
 An
Asthma Action Plan is a written set of instructions prepared in
partnership with your doctor that assists you to manage your
asthma at different times. Your plan should help you to:
Early
attention to worsening asthma may prevent you from having a
serious attack. Ask your doctor for a written Asthma Action
Plan.
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