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FRACTURES - BROKEN BONES    FRACTURES 

The aim in First Aid management of broken bones is to reduce pain: to do this the broken bone must be immobilised.

 Fractured bones are caused by:

  • Direct force  

  • Indirect force 

  • Abnormal muscle action

Types of fractures

 

Closed

the bone is broken but the skin remains intact.

 

Open

the broken bone has also broken the skin

 

Complicated

the underlying organ may be damaged by the broken bone, e.g. lung, brain, etc

 

 

Signs and Symptoms

 

  • Snap of bone may be heard

  • Pain

  • Swelling  

  • Tenderness 

  • Loss of function  

  • deformity

  • Shortening of limb  

  • Crepitus

  • Pain and bleeding - shock

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Management of Fractures

 

The aim is to reduce pain and prevent further injury.

  • D.R.A.B.C.D

  • Care of unconscious casualty

  • Control any bleeding

  • Rest and reassure the casualty  

  • Gentle handling  

  • Expose and support the fracture site

  • Immobilise with splints and slings in the most comfortable position and check the circulation past the last bandaged point.

  • Always support the fracture when moving  

  • Bandage around open fractures                                                                            

Do Not:  

  • Pull on fractures 

  • Force or straighten fractured joints

  • Give anything to drink

Pelvic Injuries

 

 

Stabilize the pelvis but fixing the legs together and lying the person on the ground on their back. If the legs and back are stationary, the pelvis will not move.

 

Spinal Fractures

May be caused by:

  • Road accident

  • Diving into shallow water

  • Falls from a height

  • Sporting accidents

  • Heavy blow to the back

  • Head injury causing unconsciousness

25% of all spinal injuries deteriorate before admission to a spinal unit. Correct first aid is of primary importance to prevent aggravation of the injury. Treat all unconscious accident victims as a potential spinal injury and handle CAREFULLY  

 

Remember - To keep head, neck and spine in a straight line at all times.  

Prevention is better than cure. Exercise common sense.

 

Signs and Symptoms

  • pain at site.

  • may have loss of function below injury site.

  • shock.

  • absent or altered sensations e.g. tingling in the hands or feet.

Management

Unconscious 

  • DRABCD - The airway takes priority. eg roll onto side - SUPPORTING HEAD  

  • stabilise position and support head

  • maintain airway    

  • seek medical aid 

Conscious 

  • rest and reassure

  • apply cervical collar, (can be improvised)  

  • do not move  

  • keep warm